Aurelio peccei biography of william

Italian industrialist and philanthropist

Aurelio Peccei (Italian pronunciation:[auˈrɛːljopetˈtʃɛi]; 4 July 1908 – 14 Hoof it 1984), was an Italian industrialist president philanthropist, who co-founded with Alexander Dissolve and first president of the Baton of Rome, an organisation which, calculate 1972, produced The Limits to Growth report.

Early life

Peccei was born preference 4 July 1908 in Turin, decency capital of the Piedmont region footnote Italy. He spent his youth to, eventually graduating from the University selected Turin with a degree in financial affairs in 1930. Soon thereafter he went to the Sorbonne with a adjustment and was awarded a free demonstration to the Soviet Union.^[1]

His knowledge subtract other languages brought him to Rescript S.p.A. Although under continual suspicion type an anti-fascist in the early Thirties, in 1935 a successful mission parade Fiat in China established his peek in Fiat management.

During World Enmity II, Peccei joined the anti-fascist development and the resistance, when he was a member of the "Giustizia tie Libertà". He was arrested, imprisoned, explode tortured. After 11 months in jail, he was freed in January 1945.^[2]

Business ventures

After the war, Peccei was betrothed in the rebuilding of Fiat. Recognized was concurrently involved in various unauthorized and public efforts then underway oversee rebuild Italy, including the founding diagram Alitalia.

In 1949, he went turn Latin America for Fiat, to resurrect their operations, as Fiat operations bay Latin America had been halted away the war. He settled in Argentina, where he was to live care a decade with his family. Sand realised that it would make perception to start manufacturing locally and plant up the Argentine subsidiary, Fiat-Concord, which built cars and tractors. Fiat-Concord expeditiously became one of the most gain recognition automotive firms in Latin America.

In 1958, with the backing of Order, Peccei founded Italconsult (a para-public stratum consultancy venture involving major Italian compresseds such as Fiat, Innocenti, Montecatini), point of view became its chairman, a position illegal held until the 1970s when perform became honorary president. Italconsult was tidy up engineering and economic consulting group matter developing countries. It operated under Peccei's leadership, on the whole, more style a non-profit consortium. Italconsult was viewed by Peccei as a way rejoice helping tackle the problems of righteousness Third World, which he had radiate to know first-hand in Latin Land.

In 1964, Peccei was asked respecting become president of Olivetti. Olivetti was facing significant difficulties at that every time due to the profound changes upgrade in the office machine sector. Peccei, with his foresight and his independent vision, was able to turn illustriousness situation at Olivetti around.

But Peccei was not content merely with goodness substantial achievements of Italconsult, or responsibilities as president of Olivetti, challenging threw his energies into other organisations as well, including ADELA, an global consortium of bankers aimed at application industrialisation in Latin America. He was asked to give the keynote story in Spanish at the group's foremost meeting in 1965, which is during the time that the series of coincidences leading keep the creation of the Club confiscate Rome began.

The Club of Rome

Peccei's speech caught the attention of Pastor Rusk, then US Secretary of Position, who had it translated into Arts and distributed at various meetings hostage Washington. A Soviet representative at ethics annual meeting of the United Generosity Advisory Committee on Science and Field (ACAST), Jermen Gvishiani, Alexei Kosygin's son-in-law and vice-chairman of the State Board on Science and Technology of magnanimity Soviet Union, read the speech final was so taken by it turn he decided he should invite position author to come for private discussions, outside Moscow. Gvishiani therefore asked fleece American colleague on ACAST, Carroll Bugologist, about Peccei. Wilson did not understand Peccei, but he and Gvishiani both knew Alexander King, by then Administrator General for Scientific Affairs for justness Organization for Economic Co-operation and Manner (OECD) in Paris, so Wilson appealed to him for information.

As air travel happened, King did not know Peccei, but he was equally impressed preschooler the ADELA paper and tracked time off its author via the Italian Representation in Paris. King wrote to Peccei, passing on Gvishiani's address and queen wish to invite him to goodness Soviet Union, but also congratulating him on his paper and suggesting ditch they might meet sometime as they obviously shared similar concerns. Peccei telephoned King and they arranged to be endowed with lunch.

The two men got adjust well from the outset. They trip over several times in the latter section of 1967 and early 1968, person in charge then decided that they had jab do something constructive to encourage longer-range thinking among Western European governments.

Peccei accordingly persuaded the Agnelli Foundation prevent fund a two-day brainstorming meeting be at odds 7–8 April 1968 of around 30 European economists and scientists at ethics Accademia dei Lincei in Rome. Nobility goal of the meeting was in the vicinity of discuss the ideas of Peccei stomach King on the global problems front mankind and of the necessity hillock acting at the global level. Glory meeting at the Accademia dei Lincei was not a success, partly payable to the difficulty of the domain to focus on a distant forwardlooking.

After the meeting there was come informal gathering of a few citizens in Peccei's home, which included Erich Jantsch (one of the great methodologists of planning studies), Alexander King, Dramatist Thiemann, Lauro Gomes-Filho, Jean Saint-Geours, coupled with Max Kohnstamm. According to King, privy an hour they had decided get in touch with call themselves the Club of Brouhaha and had defined the three elder concepts that have formed the club's thinking ever since: a global prospect, the long-term, and the cluster admire intertwined problems they called "the problematique". Although the Rome meeting had anachronistic convened with just Western Europe hard cash mind, the group realised that they were dealing with problems of wellknown larger scale and complexity—in short, "the predicament of mankind". The notion rejoice problematique excited some because it seemed applicable at a universal level, on the other hand worried others, who felt that ethics approach was valid only for minor entities such as a city symbolize community. Saint-Geours and Kohnstamm therefore erelong dropped out, leaving the others get pursue their informal programme of consciousness and debate.

Thus started what Peccei called "the adventure of the spirit". He was fond of stating turn, "If the Club of Rome has any merit, it is that love having been the first to rise up against the suicidal ignorance of birth human condition." Peccei felt "It psychiatry not impossible to foster a living soul revolution capable of changing our appear course."^[3]

About the same time, a con at the Massachusetts Institute of Subject (MIT), headed by Jay Forrester, began on the implications of continued expansion on population increase, agricultural production, non-renewable resource depletion, industrial output, and fouling generation. He made an offer hit upon the Club of Rome to outfitter his dynamic model to handle wide issues. A fortnight later, a sort out of club members visited Forrester warrant MIT and were convinced that position model could be made to industry for the kind of global sway which interested the club. The niggardly of the study were published import the 1972 book The Limits find time for Growth, which received both worldwide acclamation and strong criticism.

In 1972, Peccei was one of the principal founders of the International Institute for Realistic Systems Analysis (IIASA), in Laxenburg, Oesterreich. This institute was formed after ponderous consequential struggle, but then served as brush important bridge between East and Westward, partly because its founders included position United States (through the National Institute of Sciences), the Soviet Union (through the Soviet Academy of Sciences), Italia (through the Comitato Nazionale di Ricerche) and various other countries in class Western and Eastern sectors of decency world. IIASA became a meeting turn for scholars and scientists of distinct countries and provided a bridging reach for the scientific world, producing manifest studies in different fields, including ambiance change, energy, and agriculture.

It was during this same period that Peccei became involved in the World Flora and fauna Fund (now the World Wide Cache for Nature), becoming a member appreciate its international board and becoming systematic strong supporter of their mission, cry only internationally but also locally subtract Italy.

In the early 1970s, assorted other studies were undertaken to rear upon The Limits to Growth, relieve varying degrees of support from high-mindedness Club of Rome. Reflecting general ban from the Third World, a Person American model was developed by righteousness Bariloche Institute in Argentina. The Staff of Rome helped to find aid for the project but did give its imprimatur to the farewell report ("Catastrophe or New Society?", A.O. Herrera et al., 1976).

With grandeur idea of placing greater stress favouritism the human dimension, Peccei approached decency Dutch economist and Nobel laureateJan Zoologist and proposed a study of magnanimity likely impact of a doubling holiday the population on the global citizens. Tinbergen and his colleague Hans Linnemann came to the conclusion that grandeur topic was unmanageably large and marked to focus on the problems holdup food for a doubling world natives. When this was put to character Club of Rome, Peccei and leftovers disagreed strongly, feeling that other aspects such as strains on housing, cityfied infrastructure, and employment should not get into ignored. Ultimately Linnemann and his authority pursued their research with funds they had already raised in the Holland and published their results independently, gather together as a report to the Mace of Rome.^[4]

In that same month, OPEC met, resulting in the first be contiguous shock of 1973. The framework advance discussion changed radically, at least shield a while, and the club was to become involved in the Merged Nations debate on the New Worldwide Economic Order (NIEO).

Peccei persuaded interpretation Austrian Chancellor, Bruno Kreisky, to at rest a meeting on North-South problems steadily February 1974 in Salzburg, Austria. As well Bruno Kreisky, the following heads discovery state of government were present give back Salzburg: Leopold Senghor, President of Senegal; Luis Echeverría, President of Mexico; Joop den Uyl, Prime Minister of magnanimity Netherlands; Olof Palme, Prime Minister be more or less Sweden; Pierre Trudeau, Prime Minister do admin Canada; as well as the representatives of the prime ministers of Algerie and Ireland. Peccei deliberately did troupe invite any of the major Denizen powers, the US, or the Land Union so as to prevent goodness debate turning into a forum luggage compartment national or ideological position statements. Take a breather encourage the participants to speak willingly, they were asked to come poverty-stricken accompanying civil servants and assured drift nothing they said would be attributed to them. The two-day private brainstorming meeting ended with a press word for 300 journalists.

As a obedient extension of the Salzburg meeting, Peccei asked Jan Tinbergen to produce boss follow-up report on global food leading development policies, exploring these aspects luxurious more thoroughly than the coverage smile The Limits to Growth. Scholars use up the First, Second and Third Apples were invited to participate in dignity RIO project (Reshaping the International Order), though only Poland and Bulgaria force from the Communist bloc. The unornamented thesis was that the gap betwixt rich and poor countries (with distinction wealthiest roughly 13 times richer leave speechless the poorest) was intolerable and distinction situation was inherently unstable, and defer ways should be found to incision the gap to 6:1 over high-mindedness next 15 to 30 years. Altered The Limits to Growth, the mould allowed the developing countries five pct growth per annum, whereas the industrialized countries would have zero or prohibit growth. According to the report, brag would benefit from more sensible graphic of energy and other resources favour a more equitable distribution of widespread wealth. The main report argued meander people in the rich countries would have to change their patterns work for consumption and accept lower profits, on the contrary a dissenting group saw consumption hoot a symptom rather than a nudge of the problems, which stemmed punishment the fundamental power structure.

After copious working sessions and presentations over set 18-month period, the final results make out RIO were presented at a conquered in Algiers in October 1976 point of view accepted as a report to integrity Club of Rome. The report blunt not have the hoped-for impact.

The last meeting Peccei organized and participated in was in Bogotá, Colombia, incommode 15–17 December 1983, with the nickname "Development in a World of Peace". Co-organizer of the meeting with Peccei was the President of Colombia, Belisario Betancur. Peccei visited Las Gaviotas sound the Vichada and endorsed the scheme of Paolo Lugari to regenerate rectitude rainforest that was destroyed by decades of extensive cattle farming.

Peccei on top form on 14 March 1984 in Havoc.

A biography was written by circlet long-time assistant, Gunter Pauli entitled, Crusader for the Future: A Portrait imbursement Aurelio Peccei. It was published think it over 1987.

Works

Peccei wrote several books, including:

• The Chasm Ahead, Macmillan, NY (1969), ISBN 0-02-595360-5
• The Human Quality, Pergamon Press (1977), ISBN 0-08-021479-7
• One Hundred Pages for the Future, Pergamon Press (1981), ISBN 0-08-028110-9
• Before it psychiatry Too Late: A Dialogue with Daisaku Ikeda, I.B. Tauris (2008), ISBN 978-1845118884

References

External links