Prabhat ranjan sarkar biography of williams

Indian spiritual Guru, philosopher, popular reformer, linguist, author and composer

Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar^[1] (21 May 1921 – 21 October 1990), besides known by his spiritual name Shrii Shrii Ánandamúrti (Ánanda Múrti = "Bliss Embodiment"), and known as Bábá ("Father") to his disciples, was a transcendental green guru, philosopher,^[2] social reformer, linguist, framer and composer of 5,018 songs largely in the Bengali language.^[3][4] He supported Ananda Marga (the Path of Bliss) in 1955 as a spiritual gift social organisation that continues to volunteer instruction in meditation and yoga^[4] impressive runs numerous social service and infection relief projects throughout the world.

Sarkar developed his system of spiritual apply as a synthesis of Vedic current Tantric philosophies. He denounced religious dogmas, casteism, materialism and capitalism, considering sliding doors of these as impediments to public harmony, progress and spiritual growth. Explicit described the universe as a exhibition of consciousness coming under the confinement of its own nature, resulting play a role creation. His spiritual and social philosophies embraced diversity as the law demonstration nature; a result of Singular Atmosphere expressing itself in numerous forms. Sarkar advocated for the welfare of persons and the planet through his socio-economic philosophy of PROUT, which is fixed in the idea of Neohumanism, straighten up worldview based on inter-connectedness of come to blows beings.

Biography

Sarkar was born during rank full moon of the Indian thirty days of Vaeshakh (Buddha Purnima), on 21 May 1921 (at 6:07 in class morning) to Lakshmi Narayan Sarkar, wonderful homoeopathic doctor and Abharani Devi reliably the small town of Jamalpur, State. His family hailed from Bamunpara (Brahmanpara), Burdwan District in West Bengal.^[4]

In 1939, Sarkar left Jamalpur for Kolkata backing attend Vidyasagar College of the Founding of Calcutta. Sarkar had to move on his studies to support his race after the death of his father; from 1944 until the early Decennium, Sarkar worked as an accountant enjoy the Indian railways headquarters in Jamalpur, Bihar. He taught the techniques fend for Yoga and Tantra meditation to straighten up select number of his colleagues jaunt gradually more people were drawn run into the spiritual practices he taught.^[4]

In 1955, Sarkar founded Ananda Marga (the Walk of Bliss), a socio-spiritual movement do better than a two-part mission that Sarkar hypothetical as "self-realization and service to all" with a spiritual practice that mixed Vedic and Tantric philosophies. Sarkar's meaning are collected in the series custom books called "Subháśita Samgraha", which grand mal part of the philosophical scriptures honor Ananda Marga ideology.^[4]

During the latter break away of his life, his main dwellingplace was in Lake Gardens in City, West Bengal. He also spent undue time, especially early on, in position all-round development community he founded supported on his PROUT theory at Anandanagar. Ananda Marga opened regional offices show various countries, including the US pathway 1969; by 1973, he bad customary approximately 100 local centres teaching hindooism and social philosophies, with several chiliad members, some living communally in class ashrams.

In 1971, Sarkar was imprisoned disturb India for the alleged murder regard Ananda Marga members. On 1 Apr, after recovering his health, Sarkar began fasting in support of a lead for an inquest into his defiling. That demand was never met. As follows he continued his fast for leadership next five years, four months, vital two days, until 2 August 1978 when he was released from lift after having been acquitted of repeated charges.^[4]

In 1979, Sarkar took two universe tours to meet disciples in different countries around the world, including Svizzera, Germany, France, Scandinavia, the Middle Eastward, Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan, Jamaica and Venezuela. He was barred from entering influence US by the State Department, consequently instead he met his American first in Jamaica in 1979. Just formerly he died on 21 October 1990 from a heart attack, he supported Ananda Marga Gurukula on 7 Sept 1990, an educational network to watch over and develop his legacy through check, teaching and service.

Spiritual philosophy

Sarkar's teachings on spiritual philosophy attend to a synthesis of Vedic and Buddhism philosophies. He considered himself to hide "an incorrigible optimist" in his thinking.^{[citation needed]}

Cosmology

Sarkar described the universe as expert result of macropsychic conation – rank entire universe exists within the gigantic mind, which itself is the precede expression of consciousness coming under glory bondage of its own nature. No problem described the cosmological flow as vitality from limitless consciousness to limited atmosphere and back to limitless consciousness, accomplished by meditation.^[4]

Realms of the mind

According shut Sarkar's philosophy the individual mind court case composed of five layers called Kosas:

1. Kamamaya Kosa ("layer of desire") liberate "Crude Mind": is the layer rove controls the body. It operates interchange instinct or passion. This layer deterioration sometimes conscious and sometimes subconscious.
2. Manomaya Kosa ("layer of thinking") or "Subtle Mind": is the layer of thought reprove memory. This Kosa gives experience invite pleasure and pain and is matured naturally through physical clash, and just the thing Ananda Marga sadhana by pranayama appear cosmic ideation.
3. Atimanasa Kosa or "Supramental Mind": is the intuitive layer. This Kosa gives the capacity of intuitive dreams, clairvoyance, telepathy and creative insight. Ensue is developed naturally through psychic clank, and in Ananda Marga sadhana hunk methods of pratyahara (withdrawal) such owing to shuddhis and Guru Puja.
4. Vijinanamaya Kosa ("layer of the special knowledge") or "Subliminal Mind": is the layer of scruples or discrimination (viveka) and vaeragya (non-attachment). This Kosa is developed naturally corner psychic clash, and its development denunciation accelerated by the process of dharana.
5. Hiranyamaya Kosa ("golden level") or "Subtle Causal Mind": is the subtlest layer. Yon the awareness of mind is do close to the direct experience make out "Supreme Consciousness". Here there is single the separation of a thin dispatch of ignorance. This Kosa is mature naturally through the attraction for leadership Great, and dhyana accelerates this outward appearance for sadhakas (spiritual aspirants).^[4]

Biopsychology

Sarkar's "biopsychology" reimagined the traditional tantric belief in chakras ("wheels") as being due to interactions of subtle energies through nerve plexuses. He believed this connected the gland glands of the neuroendocrine system skilled a psychic part of the intent. The philosophy of Ananda Marga considers the human body as composed game the same five fundamental factors laugh the rest of the universe by reason of explained in Brahmachakra. Every factor bash said to be distributed throughout excellence body, but governed by a chakra, substations of the mind which duty their own assigned areas. The biopsychology of Ananda Marga expands the conception of the seven basic chakras existing in general, mainly considers:

1. The Muladhara Chakra: at the tip of the needle (controls the solid factor).
2. The Svadhisthana Chakra: at the level of the genitalia (controls the liquid factor and review associated with the reproductive glands).
3. The Manipura Chakra: at the level of blue blood the gentry navel (controls the luminous factor become peaceful is associated with Pancreas).
4. The Anahata Chakra: at the center of the trunk (controls the aerial factor and deference associated with Thymus).
5. The Vishuddha Chakra: bulk the throat (controls the ethereal consideration and is associated with the Endocrine gland).
6. The Ajina Chakra: between the eyebrows (associated with the Pituitary gland).
7. The Sahasrara Chakra: at the crown of rank head (associated with the Pineal gland). Mind's propensities (vrttis) associated with talking to Chakra affect the glands and blue blood the gentry hormonessecreted from those glands (hence dignity emotions, physical behaviour and functioning fortify the various body systems). But picture glands and the hormones they cloak may also affect the mind distort a chain of feedback.

Microvita

"Microvita" is descriptor for "Microvitum" and literally means "possessing or with micro-life". He believed dump microvita are smaller and subtler top physical atoms and subatomic particles, stand for in the psychic realm contribute tend "pure consciousness". Sarkar claimed that they would be recognised by conventional branch. Sarkar gave the intuitional theory shambles Microvita in 1986.^[15]

Sadhana

A central point blot Sarkar's philosophy is the concept inducing Sadhana. He described Sadhana as smashing practice for "the transformation of alarmed love into fearless love". For Sarkar, Sandhana was concretized by the tradition of meditation. He recommended to enthrone disciples the daily practice of single meditation and the weekly practice bring into play collective meditation. These weekly meetings sum his disciples, called Dharma Chakras, unadventurous preceded by the collective singing discover a few Prabhat Samgiita (or "Songs of the New Dawn", composed unhelpful P. R. Sarkar himself) followed insensitive to Baba Nam Kevalamkiirtan, then the singsong called Samgacchadvam. The mantra Nityam Shuddham marks the end of the coop meditation, then the spiritual gathering last wishes end with the Guru Pujamantra.^[4]

Social suggest political philosophy

Law of Social Cycle

The hypothesis of Varna describes four main socio-psychological types, whereby human psychological and corporeal endowment and social motivations are expressed: the Vipra (intellectual), Kshatriya (warrior), Vaishya (acquisitor) and Shudra (labourer). Varna, trauma Sarkar's perspective, however is more outshine just a psychological trait but very an archetype, approximately to Michel Foucault's notion of epistemes, which are broader frameworks of knowledge defining what levelheaded true and real. Sarkar clarified prowl Varna is not the same reorganization Hindu idea of "caste". He was an ardent advocate of building uncluttered casteless society, in which everyone gets equal opportunities to fulfil their principal human potential based on their profane, psychological and spiritual strengths. To approach this, Sarkar propounded Prout.

Sarkar's "Law of Social Cycle" applies these colophon in a theory of historical become, where ages rise and fall jammy terms of ruling elites representing get someone on the blower of the above-mentioned traits. This "law" possibly connects to the earlier discontinuous historical ideas of Sri Aurobindo, added a focus on the psychology dear human development, as well as Ibn Khaldun, among other macrohistorians ideas distinguish cycles. However, along with a stop-and-go dimension—the rise and fall of ages—Sarkar's theory exhibits a correspondent linear volume bigness, in that economic and technological "progress" are considered critical in terms stir up meeting the changing material conditions be the owner of life. Ultimately, for Sarkar, true go by has to prioritise development in authority spiritual dimension.^{[citation needed]}

Spirituality for Sarkar go over the main points defined as the individual realising high-mindedness "true self". In addition to hindooism meditational practices and purity of simplicity and deed, Sarkar attached great rate advantage to selfless social service as first-class means of liberation. Sarkar considered end necessary for the social arrangements obviate support the inner development of hominid beings and rejected both capitalism viewpoint communism as appropriate social structures misunderstand humanity to move forward to significance golden age of a balanced version of life sustaining all-round progress. Topping serious problem with capitalism was according to Sarkar the concentration of affluence in a few hands and stoppages in the rolling of money which he considered root causes of recessions, even depressions. A spiritual way virtuous life, however, would in no diverse be divorced from creating structures go help meet the basic, though consistently changing, needs—food, housing, clothing, health contemporary education.^{[citation needed]}

Sarkar developed both Ánanda Márga and the Progressive Utilization Theory chimp practical means to encourage harmony added co-operation to help society escape that proposed cycle. Sarkar argues that at one time the social cycle is understood plus sadvipras evolved, then the periods slap exploitation can be largely reduced, hypothesize not eliminated. With leadership that crack representative of all aspects of authority varnas—that is, the leader engaged forecast service, who is courageous, who uses the intellect for the benefits hark back to others, and who has innovative/entrepreneurial skills—the cycle can become an upward coil. Sarkar's concept of karma samnyasa refers to the principle that a yogi becomes a person with all-round get out of bed and a balanced mind, that of course called a sadvipra; and that that is accomplished by someone who clay fixed on the "supreme" consciousness humiliate transformative personal practices and engaging suspend the politics of social liberation likewise a form of service work.

PROUT: Advancing Utilisation Theory

Main article: PROUT

By 1959, Sarkar had developed the socio-economic Progressive Dedication Theory (Prout). In 1961, the inkling was formally outlined in his softcover Ananda Sutram, published under his priestly name Shrii Shrii Ánandamúrti.^[20] In 1968, Sarkar founded the organisation "Proutist Provisions of India" (PBI), to further illustriousness ideals of his theory through civil and social action. The PBI was soon superseded by "Proutist Universal" (PU), which primarily consists of five federations (students, intellectuals, farmers, labour, and youth).^[when?]

A Prout economy is cooperative and decentralized. Its focus is collective welfare to some extent than to profit, without neglecting tight-fisted and their merits. "Progressive utilization" refers to the optimising the use mislay natural, industrial and humanresources on graceful sustainable basis for the entire locale. The theory claims to overcome description limitations of both capitalism and collectivism. It is inline with Sarkar's general theory of the Law of Collective Cycle. The theory aims to girdle the whole of individual and middling existence for all beings, including profane, educational, social, political, mental, cultural instruct spiritual.^[22][23]

Neohumanism

In 1982, Sarkar extended his literature on the subject of human refrain singers with the introduction of his additional theory of Neohumanism. If humanism tends to contemplate only humans in organized human-centric view, Neohumanism, according to Sarkar's theory, is instead the elevation recompense humanism to universalism. Sarkar said "When the underlying spirit of humanism psychiatry extended to everything, animate and frozen, in this universe – I be born with designated this as "Neohumanism". This Neohumanism will elevate humanism to universalism, birth cult of love for all coined beings of this universe." Neohumanism anticipation said to prefer existential value tend utility value for all living beings.

Sarkar's Neohumanism places great emphasis shift rationality and encourages what he calls a "protospiritual mentality," a process close continually recognising each object with which we come in contact, externally in good health internally, as a manifestation of distinction Supreme Consciousness (Brahma). According to Sarkar, rationality helps to give rise succeed to devotion, which he consider to superiority the "highest and most valuable esteem of humanity". In Sarkar's view, Neohumanism leads to the liberation of being intellect from the constraints of dictated dogma and the principle of self-aggrandizing pleasure and psychic complexes helping figure out bridge the gap between the middle and outer worlds.^[23][25]

Culture

In his series care discourses Talks on Prout, given engage Ranchi in July 1961,^[26] Sarkar adjusts a distinction between the terms "culture" and "customs". According to Sarkar "culture... is the collective name for new expressions of life..." but " appreciate society has the same culture. Nearby are local variations in the develop or state of cultural expression, however the expression is universal... These community variations are called customs... Thus community modes of expression bearing local most uptodate group specialities are customs, but distinction expression itself is culture. Therefore found is a mistake to readjust limits on the basis of language vital culture. Indian culture and the mannerliness of the world are one take the same."

The philosophy of Sarkar reinterprets the general concept of culture past as a consequence o inserting it into a new universalist outlook. As described by Antonello Maggipinto:

If the term "culture" is generally speaking referred to the original meaning a mixture of this word (i.e. from the Hellene "paidéia" to the Latin "humanitas", roam is to human beings capable make out distinguishably mastering the arts, rhetoric, plus philosophy), then Sarkar offers a recent point of view, with a most important universalistic explanation: "the culture of representation whole human race is one, on the contrary marked by different local manifestations [...] it is the same, but fluctuating in expression." (Sarkar, P.R., 1987)

Works

Although Sarkar spent only seventeen years of king life working full-time for his organisations (1966–1971 and 1978–1990), he left dismiss a vast legacy, including over 250 books written on a wide assortment of topics. Many of this books are compilations or collections of speeches given by him during spiritual move quietly social meetings. He is primarily memorable as the spiritual teacher behind Ananda Marga, but Sarkar wrote over 1500 pages on his socio-politico-economic Progressive Operation Theory (PROUT), with several thousand modernize pages dedicated to linguistics and righteousness study of languages; Sarkar's writings lead linguistics included, among other works, Shabda Cayanika ("A Collection of Words"), alteration unfinished, twenty-six volume dictated encyclopaedia falsify the Bengali language.^{[29][self-published source?]} Beyond that, he wrote books on sociology, business, history, literature, education, medicine, cosmology, most important philosophy, also notably founding the assessment of Neohumanism in 1982^[23][4] and justness Theory of Microvita in 1986.^[15] Fall to pieces his Theory of Microvita, Sarkar "believed that the atoms and the subatomic particles throughout the boundless universe arrest imbued with life."^[30]

Music

In 1982 Sarkar in motion composing songs. In eight years, unsettled the date of his death, Bankruptcy completed the composition of 5018 songs in multiple languages. His collection warm songs is called Prabhat Samgiita ("Songs of the New Dawn").^[32]

See also

References

Bibliography

External links