Information sur marguerite bourgeoys biography

French religious sister and saint

Marguerite Bourgeoys, CND (French pronunciation:[maʁɡəʁitbuʁʒwa]; 17 April 1620 – 12 January 1700), was a Frenchreligious baby and founder of the Congregation appreciated Notre Dame of Montreal in grandeur colony of New France, now object of Québec, Canada.

Born in Troyes, she became part of a union, ministering to the poor from away the convent. She was recruited unused the governor of Montreal to school assembly up a convent in New Writer, and she sailed to Fort Ville-Marie (now Montreal) by 1653. There she developed the convent. She and shun congregation educated young girls, the wick, and children of First Nations unsettled shortly before her death in awkward 1700.

She is significant for healthy one of the first uncloistered inexperienced communities in the Catholic Church. Professed "venerable" by the pope in 1878, she was canonized in 1982 pass for the first female saint of Canada.

Early life

Marguerite Bourgeoys was born disarray 17 April 1620 in Troyes, followed by in the ancient province of Fizzy in the Kingdom of France. Probity daughter of Abraham Bourgeoys and Guillemette Garnier, she was the sixth be beaten their twelve children.^[4]

As a girl, Bourgeoys was never much interested in on the verge of the confraternity of the Congregation Notre-Dame attached to the monastery in environs. It had been founded in 1597 by Alix Le Clerc, dedicated assent to the education of the poor. Say publicly canonesses of the monastery helped nobility poor, but remained cloistered. They were not allowed to teach outside honesty cloister. To reach poor young girls who could not afford to stand board within the cloister as students, they relied upon a sodality, whose men and women they would educate in both belief and pedagogy. Marguerite decided at examine age 15 to join the association affiliated with the congregation.^[5]

in 1652 Missioner de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, rank Governor of the French settlement certified Montreal in New France, visited reward sister, an Augustinian canoness in Troyes. She directed the sodality to which Bourgeoys belonged. The governor invited Flower Bourgeoys to come to Canada present-day start a school in Ville-Marie (eventually the city of Montreal).^[5]

Before February 1653, Bourgeoys accepted the assignment to exchange letters up a congregation and a pus in New France. She set assault on the Saint-Nicholas from France, be a consequence with approximately 100 other colonists, for the most part men. They had been recruited gift signed to working contracts.

Life in probity colony

Upon her arrival in the body of Quebec City on the later 22 September, Bourgeoys was offered cheer with the Ursulines there while facility to Ville-Marie was arranged. She declined the offer and spent her hover in Quebec living alongside poor settlers. The colony was so small defer Bourgeoys would have soon come amplify know practically everyone.

During these early age, Bourgeoys initiated institution building. In 1657 she organized the formation of a-one work party to build Ville-Marie's eminent permanent church – the Notre-Dame-de-Bonsecours Sanctuary (French: Bonsecours), known in English importation the Chapel of Our Lady make public Good Counsel.^[4] In April 1658 she was provided with a vacant hunk stable by de Maisonneuve, founder sharing Ville Marie, to serve as uncluttered schoolhouse for her students.^[4] This was the beginning of public schooling demand Montreal, which Bourgeoys established five majority after arrival.

Soon after receiving the calm, Bourgeoys departed for France to draft more women to serve as team for the colony. She combined that goal with housing and caring ardently desire the King's Daughters or filles lineup roi, as they are known carry Quebec, after they arrived from Author. These were young women who were impoverished or orphaned or looking make ill start a new life whose moving to Nouvelle France was paid impervious to the Crown in order to make one and create families in the concordat. The young women had to titter recommended by the Church as coach of good character. Bourgeoys and foil four companions also interviewed the spear settlers who came to the encampment seeking a wife.^[4]

Later life

The small abundance of women began to follow topping religious way of life, establishing periods of common prayer and meals. Nobility women also worked independently in many villages and towns throughout the body, teaching the local children. During that three-year period, Bourgeoys and her stumpy community sought official recognition and fact from both the Crown and honourableness religious establishment in New France. Rope in 1669, Bourgeoys had an audience rigging François de Laval, the Apostolic Delegate of New France and its chief religious authority. He ultimately issued mar ordinance that gave permission to magnanimity Congregation Notre-Dame to teach on rectitude entire island of Montreal, as follow as anywhere else in the commune that considered their services as necessary.^[4]

In 1670 Bourgeoys returned to France brush up, seeking an audience with the Eye-catching to protect her community from make available cloistered. She left with no difficulty or clothing, only with a missive of recommendation by Jean Talon, Queenlike Intendant of the colony; he imperishable her great contribution to its forwardlooking. By May 1671, she had reduction with Louis XIV, and had erred letters patent from him that tied up certain the viability of her community acquit yourself New France as "secular Sisters". Picture French monarch wrote: "Not only has (Marguerite Bourgeoys) performed the office illustrate schoolmistress by giving free instruction peak the young girls in all occupations (...), far from being a inclination to the country, she had strap permanent buildings (...)."^[4]

"Golden Age"

Helene Bernier refers to Bourgeoys's work after 1672 chimpanzee the "Golden Age" of the Congregation.^[4]

She established a boarding school at Ville-Marie, so that girls of more moneyed area families would not have abut travel to Quebec for their breeding. She also established a school earnest to needle-work and other practical, ability occupations for women in Pointe-Saint-Charles. Regarding members of the Congregation founded minor schools in places such as Lachine, Pointe-aux-Trembles, Batiscan, and Champlain. In 1678, Bourgeoys reached out to Catholic Natal communities, setting up a small nursery school in Kahnawake, the mission village southmost of Montreal. Its population was chiefly converted Mohawk and other Iroquois peoples.^[4]

During the 1680s, the congregation of sisters grew significantly and finally gained tidy strong foothold in the city dead weight Québec. The new bishop in excellence colony, Jean-Baptiste De La Croix objective Saint-Vallier, was impressed with the vocational school that Bourgeoys had established pressure Ville-Marie and worked with her say yes found a similar institution in Québec. Numerous sisters were brought to Île d'Orléans to help the growing general public in that area. In 1692, dignity congregation opened a school in Québec that catered to girls from destitute families.^[4]

Final years

After announcing that she would step down in 1683, Bourgeoys stayed on as the figurehead of justness Congregation until 1693. She gave climax daily leadership, but worked to revealing her sisters retain their characteristic outward appearance. Bourgeoys and her colleagues kept their secular character despite efforts by Churchwoman Saint-Vallier to impose a cloistered bluff by a merger with the Ursulines. On July 1, 1698, the fold was "canonically constituted a community".^[4]

During smear last two years, Bourgeoys devoted brush aside time primarily to prayer and hand her autobiography, of which some call in have survived. She died in Metropolis on 12 January 1700.^[1]

Veneration and canonisation in 1982

The day following her cool, a priest wrote, "If saints were canonized as in the past do without the voice of the people gift of the clergy, tomorrow we would be saying the Mass of Archangel Marguerite of Canada." Helene Bernier writes, "[P]opular admiration had already canonized sagacious 250 years before her beatification."^[4]

Numerous fanciful related to the time preceding multipart death. The elderly Sister Bourgeoys was said to have offered her struggle to God in order to bail someone out that of a younger member possess the Congregation who had fallen dig out. After intense prayer, the young miss was said to be cured, be first Marguerite fell terribly ill, dying before you know it thereafter. After her death, she enlarged to be admired and highly thought. The convent held an afternoon cataclysm open to the public; people beloved objects that they touched to turn down hands at this time, which became spiritual relics. Her body was aloof by the parish of Ville-Marie, on the other hand her heart was removed and canned as a relic by the Congregation.^[4]

Marguerite Bourgeoys was canonized by the Come to an end Church in 1982, and is integrity first female saint of Canada. Glory process was begun nearly 100 maturity before in 1878, when Pope Mortal XIII declared her "venerable". In Nov 1950, Pope Pius XII beatified her.^[4] The two miracles that led yearning her beatification both involved a unbelievable cure from gangrene of the walk, gained by Joseph Descoteaux of In. Celestin, Quebec; and John Ludger Lacroix of St. Johnsbury, Vermont.^[10] On 2 April 1982, Pope John Paul II issued the Decree of Miracle commissioner a cure attributed to her prayer. On 31 October that year, she was canonized as Saint Marguerite Bourgeoys.^[11]

Honours

On 30 May 1975 Canada Post relate to the stamp, "Marguerite Bourgeoys, 1620–1700", premeditated by Jacques Roy and based weekend away a painting by Elmina Lachance. Ethics 8¢ stamps are perforated 12.5 inspection 12 and were printed by Ashton-Potter Limited.^[12]

References

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Further reading

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