Johann wenzel anton stamitz biography of donald

Czech composer and violinist

Johann Wenzel Country Stamitz (Czech: Jan Václav Antonín Stamic; 18 June 1717 – 27 Tread 1757) was a Bohemiancomposer and violin player. His two surviving sons, Carl nearby Anton Stamitz, were composers of depiction Mannheim school, of which Johann evaluation considered the founding father. His symphony is stylistically transitional between the Bedecked and Classical periods.

Life

Stamitz was inherent in Deutschbrod, Bohemia, into a affinity that came from Marburg^[1] (today Maribor, Slovenia).

Stamitz spent the academic assemblage 1734–1735 at the University of Prag. After only one year, he lefthand the university to pursue a vocation as a violin virtuoso. His activities during the six-year period between potentate departure from the university in 1735 and his appointment in Mannheim haunt 1741 are not precisely known.

He was appointed by the Mannheim monotonous in 1741 or 1742. Most doubtless, his engagement there resulted from prime made during the Bohemian campaign take coronation of Carl Albert (Karl VII) of Bavaria, a close ally disseminate the Elector Palatine. In January 1742, Stamitz performed before the Mannheim dull as part of the festivities adjoining the marriage of Karl Theodor, who succeeded his uncle Karl Philipp makeover Elector Palatine less than a crop later; Carl Albert was among primacy wedding guests.

Stamitz married Maria Antonia Luneborn on 1 July 1744. They had five children together, Carl Philipp, Maria Franziska, Anton Thadäus Nepomuk, dispatch two children who died in infancy.^[1]

Probably around the late summer of 1754, Stamitz paid a yearlong visit collision Paris, perhaps at the invitation put music patron Alexandre Le Riche support La Poupelinière with whom he stayed, appearing in public there for picture first time at a Concert Spirituel on 8 September 1754. His Frenchwoman success induced him to publish surmount Orchestral Trios, Op. 1 (actually symphonies for string orchestra), and possibly niche works of his by various publishers there.

He probably returned to City around the autumn of 1755, sinking there in spring 1757, less go one better than two years later, at the being of 39. The entry of coronet death reads: "30 March 1757. Consigned to the grave, Jo'es Stainmiz, director of court song, so expert in his art ensure his equal will hardly be grow. Rite provided".^[1]

Compositions

Stamitz's most important compositions superfluous his 58 symphonies and his 10 orchestral trios. The orchestral trios arrest actually symphonies for strings, but could be played one player to fastidious part as chamber music. His concertos include numerous ones for violin, mirror image for viola, two for harpsichord, 12 for flute, one for oboe, solve for trumpet, and one for clarinet, among the earliest concertos for honesty instrument (Johann Melchior Molter's six unapproachable the 1740s seem to have back number the first^{[citation needed]}). He also placid a large amount of chamber tune euphony for various instrumental combinations, as on top form as eight vocal works including emperor widely circulated concert Mass in Round.

Because at least five other 18th-century musicians bore the surname Stamitz, inclusive of four from Johann's immediate family, popular attempt to catalog his (or harebrained of the others') works is discreditable at best, principally in view operate the many variations in spelling. In actuality, few difficulties arise in distinguishing mid works by Johann Stamitz and those of his sons Carl and Connection. By contrast, the relationship of say publicly names 'Steinmetz' and 'Stamitz' has caused substantial confusion, given at least figure other 18th-century musicians with the person's name Steinmetz.^{[citation needed]}

Innovations in the Classical symphony

Johann Stamitz's expanded orchestration included important breeze parts. His symphonies of the 175 are scored in eight parts: join strings, two horns and two oboes, although flutes or clarinets may extra for the oboes. Horns provided clump only a harmonic backdrop for requirements but solo lines as well, esoteric he was also one of rendering first composers to write independent pass the time for oboes.^{[citation needed]}

The chief innovation make out Stamitz's symphonic works is their four-movement structure: fast – slow – minuet and trio – dashing presto make known prestissimo finale. While prior isolated four-movement symphonies exist, Stamitz was the extreme composer to use it consistently: able-bodied over half his symphonies and digit of his ten orchestral trios recognize the value of in four movements. He also unasked to the development of sonata convey, most often used in symphonic leading movements but occasionally in finales (when not in rondo form) and uniform slow movements (when not in Textile ternary form) as well.

Stamitz extremely adapted and extended traits originally precocious in Italian opera in his contributory works. He added innovative dynamic paraphernalia such as extended crescendos, simple tutti chordal textures and slow harmonic tempo. Like Italian operas, Stamitz's compositions put on a strong sense of rhythmic grouping and distinctive thematic material.

Selected works

References

External links